5/6/2023 0 Comments Hardy weinberg principle![]() It is relatively easy to expand the definition of HWE to include modifications of these, such as for sex-linked traits. The first group of assumptions are required for the mathematics involved.
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![]() Raising plasma COP reduces J v but does not cause absorptionĪt subnormal capillary pressure, net absorption increases plasma volumeĪt subnormal capillary pressure, J v approaches zero. Raising plasma COP enhances absorption and shifts fluid from ISF to plasma J v is much less than predicted by Starling's principle, and the major route for return to the circulation is as lymph ![]() Small proportion returns to the circulation as lymph ISF COP is not a direct determinant of J vįluid is filtered from the arterial end of capillaries and absorbed from the venous end. The important Starling forces are the transendothelial pressure difference and the plasma–subglycocalyx COP difference. The important Starling forces are the transendothelial pressure difference and the plasma–interstitial COP difference The EGL is semi-permeable to anionic proteins and their concentration in the intercellular clefts below the glycocalyx is very low Open fenestrated capillaries produce the renal glomerular filtrateĭiaphragm fenestrated capillaries in specialized tissues can absorb ISF to plasmaĬontinuous capillaries exhibit ‘no absorption' Sinusoidal tissues (marrow, spleen, and liver) have discontinuous capillaries and their ISF is essentially part of the plasma volume Intravascular volume consists of glycocalyx volume, plasma volume, and red cell distribution volumeĬapillaries separate plasma with high protein concentration from ISF with low protein concentration Intravascular volume consists of plasma and cellular elements Revised Starling equation and glycocalyx model Table 1 Comparison of the original and revised paradigms for prescribing fluid therapy Original Starling principle Any potential advantage of plasma or plasma substitutes over crystalloids for volume expansion only manifests itself at higher capillary pressures. An explanation for the phenomenon of context sensitivity of fluid volume kinetics is offered, and the proposal that crystalloid resuscitation from low capillary pressures is rational. The EGL excludes larger molecules and occupies a substantial volume of the intravascular space and therefore requires a new interpretation of dilution studies of blood volume and the speculation that protection or restoration of the EGL might be an important therapeutic goal. Filtered fluid returns to the circulation as lymph. The oncotic pressure difference across the EGL opposes, but does not reverse, the filtration rate (the ‘no absorption' rule) and is an important feature of the revised paradigm and highlights the limitations of attempting to prevent or treat oedema by transfusing colloids. The characteristics of capillaries in various tissues are reviewed and some clinical corollaries considered. The revised Starling equation based on recent research considers the contributions of the endothelial glycocalyx layer (EGL), the endothelial basement membrane, and the extracellular matrix. Fluid therapy to support the circulation relies on applying a physiological paradigm that better explains clinical and research observations. fluid therapy does not result in the extracellular volume distribution expected from Starling's original model of semi-permeable capillaries subject to hydrostatic and oncotic pressure gradients within the extracellular fluid. Special Issue on Memory and Awareness in Anesthesia (PDF).Special Issue on Mass Casualty Medicine and Anaesthesia: Science and Clinical Practice (JPG).Special Issue on Thoracic Anaesthesia and Respiratory Physiology (PDF).Hong Kong College of Anaesthesiologists.College of Anaesthesiologists of Ireland.Memory, Awareness and Anaesthesia 2022 Special Collection.COVID-19 and the Anaesthetist: A Special Series. 5/6/2023 0 Comments Warren zevon boom boom mancini![]() ![]() Warren is the first guest and interviewed at length by Dave. Warren Zevon poster, Music Room Art, Singer Songwriter Art, Song Lyric Art. Warren Zevon Appearances SeptemWarren performs Excitable Boy and The Overdraft to promote the album The Envoy. Watch: New Singing Lesson Videos Can Make Anyone A Great Singer Hurry home early hurry on home Boom Boom Mancini's fighting Bobby Chacon Hurry home early hurry on home Boom Boom Mancini's fighting Bobby Chacon From Youngstown, Ohio, Ray 'Boom Boom' Mancini A lightweight contender, like father like son He fought for the title with Frias in Vegas And he put him away in round number one Hurry. Download the song for offline listening now. Chorus: G5Hurry home Emearly - G5hurry on Emhome. Check out our boom boom mancini selection for the very best in unique or. Play & Download Boom Boom Mancini MP3 Song for FREE by Warren Zevon from the album Sentimental Hygiene. Chorus: Hurry home early, hurry on home Boom Boom Mancinis fightin Bobby Chacon Hurry home early. The Duk Koo Kim mentioned in the lyrics was a boxer whod ben dehydrated and. By Warren Zevon A slightly simplified version of a great tune, arranged for acoustic. Boom Boom Mancini lucha Bobby ChaconCuando Alexis Arguello dio una paliza Boom Boom Siete semanas más tarde estaba de vuelta en el ring Algunos tienen la velocidad y las combinaciones correctas Si usted no puede tomar los golpes no significa nada Date prisa a casa temprano - prisa en casa Boom Boom. Produced by Warren Zevon / Niko Bolas / Andrew Slater Recorded at Record One, Los Angeles / A&M Studios, Hollywood / Cheshire Studios. Lyrics for Boom Boom Mancini (Live) by Warren Zevon. Its a musical ode to the boxer Ray Mancini. 5/5/2023 0 Comments Nuclear time mars![]() ![]() Space nuclear propulsion systems could enable shorter total mission times and provide enhanced flexibility and efficiency for mission designers. NASA’s goal is to minimize the time the crew travels between Earth and Mars to as close to two years as is practical. Waiting for optimal planetary alignment for the return trip would require astronauts to loiter at Mars for more than a year, stretching the round-trip mission to more than three years. To date, only robotic explorers have traveled to Mars, without the need for returning to Earth. “We look forward to seeing what innovations industry offer in nuclear propulsion as well as fission surface power via a forthcoming request for proposals for that technology." “While NASA’s immediate priority is returning humans to the Moon with the Artemis program, we are also investing in ‘tall pole’ technologies that could enable crewed missions to Mars,” said Jim Reuter, associate administrator of NASA’s Space Technology Mission Directorate (STMD). Future follow-on contracts will generate more detailed reactor designs and build preliminary testing hardware. The agencies plan to fund several efforts to explore different approaches. NASA, in coordination with the Department of Energy (DOE), is asking industry for preliminary reactor design concepts for a nuclear thermal propulsion system. That heat converts the liquid into a gas, which expands through a nozzle to provide thrust and propel a spacecraft. The system works by transferring heat from the reactor to a liquid propellant. Nuclear thermal propulsion technology provides high thrust and twice the propellant efficiency of chemical rockets. Using low thrust efficiently, nuclear electric propulsion systems accelerate spacecraft for extended periods and can propel a Mars mission for a fraction of the propellant of high thrust systems. They use a reactor to generate electricity that positively charges gas propellants like xenon or krypton, pushing the ions out through a thruster, which drives the spacecraft forward. Nuclear electric propulsion systems use propellants much more efficiently than chemical rockets but provide a low amount of thrust. NASA is looking at two types of nuclear propulsion systems – nuclear electric and nuclear thermal propulsion. As NASA’s Perseverance rover homes in on the Red Planet, engineers on the ground are furthering potential propulsion technologies for the first human missions to Mars. ![]() Just one-fifth of the more than 50 Bollywood films that were released in the last year-less than usual due to the pandemic-have met or exceeded revenue goals, according to media analyst Karan Taurani of Elara Capital. Aamir Khan, a fellow A-lister who has been in some of India’s most popular movies, failed to draw in viewers with the “Laal Singh Chaddha” version of “Forrest Gump.” Manoj Desai, a seasoned Mumbai theatre owner, told AFP that “this is the greatest crisis we have ever encountered.” Because “the public was not there,” several screenings were canceled.Īkshay Kumar, a megastar who often does well financially, had three consecutive bad films. The South Asian superpower, which produces more movies than any other nation on earth on average each year, is usually led by glamorous Bollywood, where audiences swarm premieres and fans revere actors like gods.īut after Covid limits were loosened, movie theatres have been more silent, even in Mumbai, the hub of Bollywood. What do you think about their actions? Let us know in the comment section.Mumbai: As streaming services and competitors who do not speak Hindi steal its shine, the Bollywood film industry, a longtime component of the cultural fabric of the movie-loving nation of 1.4 billion people, is experiencing its worst crisis ever. While many celebrities lost their temper, some maintained their cool and did not react back to the slaps. ![]() He had even threatened the paparazzi present there with the consequences if they had tried to record the incident. John couldn’t keep calm and had ended up slapping the guy. Things had gotten ugly when the fans came running up to him and one of the fans had grabbed his arm and had pulled him for a selfie. However, on September 29, 2016, after the trailer launch of his film, Force 2, John had lost his cool due to a mob of fans. The actor is known for his calm demeanour and easy-going attitude. John Abraham has stolen the hearts of many girls with his good looks and charming personality. When things got ugly, Himesh Reshammiya had to intervene and had stopped the co-stars from fighting publically. Once, Zoya and Sonali had got into a catfight, during the promotions of the film and Zoya had lost her temper and had slapped Sonali. However, they both didn't get along during the making of the film. For the unversed, Zoya was in Himesh Reshammiya film, Xpose, along with the actress, Sonali Raut. The actress had come into the limelight for a slapping incident. While many stars become popular for their acting, it was not the same with Zoya. Zoya Afroz, is an Indian actress, model and beauty pageant titleholder. When the matter had seemed going out of hand, the director of the film intervened and had stopped Aditya Pancholi. Aditya had suddenly walked up to Vije and had slapped him. It was during the shooting of the film, Lakhon Hain Yahan Dilwale, that Aditya had slapped Vije Bhatia. And even though he likes to stay away from gossip and controversies, he somehow lands into trouble and eventually makes his name involved in controversies. According to the reports of Mid-day, Aditya Pancholi was accused of slapping his co-star, Vije Bhatia. Rishi’s inappropriate action was caught on the camera and his pictures had made rounds on the media and internet.īollywood actor, Aditya Pancholi makes it to headlines every now and then. ![]() He had pushed a senior TV channel reporter and had allegedly slapped two photographers. When the media had asked the Kapoor family to pose and give bytes, Rishi had apparently lost his cool. In 2006, during Ganesh Chaturthi, the Kapoors had gone to immerse the family’s Ganesh idol. Talking about the same, the actor had once publically slapped a reporter and a photographer. Rishi Kapoor was known for his volatile temper. Rishi Raj Kapoor was an Indian actor, film director and film producer who had worked in Hindi films. He was the father of the veteran actor, Ranbir Kapoor. According to the report of Mid-day, Akshay Kumar, was then rumoured to be dating his co-star, Priyanka Chopra in real-life and he had thought that it was her secretary, Prakash Jaju, who was reportedly spreading the rumours and in the heat of the moment, Akshay had slapped Prakash. However, Akshay had once gained media attention for reportedly slapping Priyanka Chopra's secretary, Prakash Jaju. He prefers staying away from controversies and leads a disciplined life. The actor is known for his cool personality. Akshay Kumar is the Khiladi of Bollywood. 5/5/2023 0 Comments Downlink uplink![]() Most cell phone reception & service problems begin when signal strength ranges from -90 to -100 dB. In bar talk, -50 dB represents full bars, while -120 dB represents zero bars. This is the signal standard for all phones & cell devices, and for all carriers in North America. How Uplink & Downlink Power in Cellular Signal is MeasuredĬell phone signal strength is measured in decibels (dBm).įrom a signal level of -50 dBm to -120 dBm, cellular signal can range from great signal (-50 dB) to good signal (-80 dB) to average signal (-90 dB) to below average signal (-100 dB) to near dead zone (-120 dB). You're going against other like-minded people. So those peak hours when you're making a call. Cell towers can technically serve hundreds to thousands of cell devices but not all at once. Yes, even weather conditions such as thunderstorms, snow, and cloudy days interfere with uplinks & downlinks. Surrounded by lots of electronics or other radio-frequency-disturbing devices? They affect cell signals. Virtually any building material can disrupt cellular signal and internet speeds. Tall trees, mountains, valleys, high structures, and other crowded development can easily alter and interrupted signals. Long distance relationships don't work with cell phones and cell towers. If you happen to go over your allotted data plan, even if it's "unlimited," carriers such as AT&T and T-Mobile can reduce your internet speeds. LoRa Acknowledgements are also downlink messages.Causes of Disrupted Uploads & Downloads on Your Cell Phone Developers should design their solution with a minimum number of downlink messages. Nevertheless, the downlink capacity stays limited. Downlink capacity is increased by sending on a low SF, changing sub-bands and setting up gateways in area’s with many LoRa Devices. For receiving uplink messages from devices, no regulatory limit applies, but for downlink messages the gateway has to obey the Duty Cycle. While being very close to the gateway the time on air will be minimum (low modulation overhead) and maximum payload can be used, so more messages per day can be supported.īecause downlink capacity is shared across all talking end-devices this is more limited than upload messaging gateways are also seen as one device, so duty cycle applies to the gateways as well. The closer the end-device is to the gateway the higher the data rate (and the lower the Spreading Factor used in the LoRa modulation). The time on air itself is related to the message size and the distance to the gateway. This means that a sensor sending a message which takes 1 second should be quiet for 99 seconds after that. LoRaWAN specifies that each time a message is send in one ISM subband, the device must wait the remaining time of the duty cycle in that band before resending. The 868 MHz ISM band limits the use of a device to 1% of the time on air. The number of messages is limited due to the duty cycle and payload in combination with the quality offered by the network. The maximum number of messages per day is related to the fact that KPN operates the LoRa network in the unlicensed 868 MHz ISM band. The queue cannot be changed or inspected by the customer. The downlink message queue acts on a First In, First Out mechanism, which means in a full queue (5 messages) the oldest message is removed when a new one is queued. To make sure that this downlink has arrived an acknowledgment can be sent via the uplink, so the Application Server gets notified that the sensor has received its new settings. Although there is a message log in the Wireless Logger the information reported gives no indication whether the device received it as it could have gone lost on the radio path. If you are sending downlinks (from the Application Server to the end-device) these are in theory unconfirmed messages. Another application of downlink messages could be to control an actuator like a valve or a lock. Under certain conditions it might be useful to use a downlink message to provide the sensor with an acknowledgment to make clear that the message has arrived in the network and will be forwarded to the Application Server.ĭownlink messages can also be used to control settings of the sensor, for instance to adjust its update frequency or any other settings on the appliance. The most common way to use LoRaWAN is to use the uplink so a sensor can report any value to the Application Server. LoRaWAN supports both uplink as downlink messaging messages from end-device to the network are called uplink and network to end-device messages are called downlink. 5/5/2023 0 Comments Notecard mockup![]() Just place your content on the smart object and you are done! 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